Sí, dentro del núcleo de cada átomo, descubrimos más cosas. El átomo es como una matrioska o muñeca rusa: dentro de cada muñeca hueca, vamos encontrando muñecas aún más pequeñas.
Dentro del átomo (que imaginábamos como un campo de fútbol), fijémonos qué hay dentro del núcleo (aquella canica pequeña que había en el centro del campo), y vemos que hay bolitas apelotonadas, que resultan ser de dos tipos, y que llamamos protones y neutrones.
Son muy parecidos entre sí, casi 2000 veces más pesados que los electrones, aunque los neutrones son un pelín más gorditos. Para hacernos una idea de la diferencia de peso, podemos imaginar que si el electrón pesara lo mismo que un bebé al nacer, ¡el protón sería tan pesado como un elefante! Esto implica que casi toda la masa del átomo (95%) está concentrada en su minúsculo núcleo.
Otra diferencia llamativa es que los protones tienen carga eléctrica, la misma que la de los electrones pero de signo contrario; sin embargo los neutrones, como su nombre indica, son neutros, no tienen carga.
Hay algo muy interesante: contamos el número de protones que hay dentro del núcleo, y resulta que cada átomo del mismo elemento de la tabla periódica (cada pieza de lego de la misma familia), tiene el mismo número de protones. Este número, es lo que diferencia a los distintos elementos, y se conoce como «número atómico Z«.
Pero…aún no hemos acabado: Si fisgoneamos dentro de los protones y neutrones, descubriremos más cosas. Pero esto lo dejamos para otro momento.
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Dentro del núcleo, ¿hay algo? / Science 4 Kids
https://www.copenhagen-sc.dk/showdanser-til-polterabend-i-koebenhavn/